ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, which originated from a market in Wuhan, China, spread rapidly, so on March 11, 2020, the WHO decreed that the outbreak became a pandemic. Over 90% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are either asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. However, there are cases that develop severe forms of the disease, from acute respiratory distress syndrome to septic shock with multiorgan failure and exitus. However, reports of pregnant women diagnosed with Covid-19 are low. Changes in the maternal organism in pregnancy, including immunity, respiratory system and hypercoagu-lability, but also various comorbidities, could be a risk factor for pregnant women to develop complications associated with COVID-19, with increased morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy are not sufficiently understood, nor are the effects of pregnancy on disease progression. Although the existence of the virus has been shown in biological samples such as the placenta, umbilical cord, or amniotic fluid, the maternal and fetal effects of the virus are not well known. Recent studies confirm the possibility of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission of the virus, but also of specific antibodies. The possibility of infection by breastfeeding is not yet sufficiently investigated. We looked for data on the treatment and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, as well as on the choice of the optimal birth pathway in these women. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on pregnancy and birth management in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 that could lead to an improvement in the quality of their medical care. © 2021, Amaltea Medical Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
By law, doctors and pharmacists may be held liable for professional misconduct. The pharmacist’s roles and responsibilities have been expanding in patient care, particularly in times of COVID-19 pandemic and now they may perform a diverse range of professional activities as attested by the newly adopted legislation, Minister of Health’s Order no. 2382/2021. However, pharmacist malpractice is different than medical malpractice because pharmacists’ responsibility is based on pharmacist professional standards and legal duties. Despite the existence of overlaps, there are differences between the doctors’ and the pharmacists’ professional duties. Our study identified ten main legal professional duties of pharmacists and provided examples of negligence. The results could be used as a tool for malpractice risk assessment and management. We also argue that the Romanian legal framework allows malpractice claims to be filed by both the patient and/or the doctors when shared accountability is involved and this increases the pharmacists’ risk of being sued. Moreover, the chief pharmacist is responsible for the pharmacy’s overall activity, including liability for tasks entrusted to subordinated personnel.
ABSTRACT
The general practitioners (GPs’) practice faced serious challenges as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, including from a legal point of view. In this context, a series of questions related to the GPs’ professional activities might arise such as: (i) what happens if a doctor makes a mistake because he/she is exhausted, as a result of overtime2 or (ii) if he/ she performs medical acts outside the boundaries of his/her own specialty or without consent, as requested by his/ her own conscience, by the situation, by the authorities and by his/her principal? In all these special circumstances this could mean that the doctor fails to comply with the applicable law. Moreover, because he/she breaches the law, the professional insurance policy will cease to be applicable. With new roles and responsibilities, the GPs should adjust their practice to the current conditions. © 2021 Universidade do Porto - Faculdade de Engenharia. All rights reserved.